Despite the unquestionable importance of technological progress in twenty-first-century society, the decision by many political leaders worldwide to treat natural sciences as an almost exclusive priority betrays a terrible misconception of the complexity of the contemporary world. As the Renaissance cannot be reduced to Copernicus’s or Galileo’s brilliant contributions, or Enlightenment to the works of such giants as Newton and Cavendish, contemporary society will hardly be remembered as just a series of amazing software and gadget updates. There are three categories (...) of questions today that only humanities are prone to answer. The first one, exploring the relations between subject and object mediated by the meaning of “property”, ultimately concerns the discussion between legality and legitimacy. Not long ago, teenagers were still being sued by the giants of the Entertainment Industry for downloading songs, and the practice of mash-ups or remixing even now arouses huge polemics. The second one, focused on the self-representations of the subject, concerns the changing meanings (and representations) of identity and cultural borders in a globalizing world. Finally, the inter-subjective interactions are the centre of the political tensions between democracy and demagogy, two opposed categories that have often been presented as hardly distinguishable from each other. (shrink)

Ontologies have been successfully used to assign semantics in the Semantic Web context, to support integration of data from different systems or different sources, and to enable reasoning. However, building ontologies is not a trivial task. Ontology reuse can help in this matter. The search and selection of ontologies to be reused should consider the alignment between their scope and the scope of the ontology being developed. In this paper, we discuss how goal modeling can be helpful in this context (...) and we present GO-FOR, a framework in which goals are the central elements to promote ontology reuse. GO-FOR comprises a conceptual architecture, a goal-oriented ontology development process and a supporting tool. In GO-FOR we introduce Goal-Oriented Ontology Patterns (GOOPs) as a new type of pattern to be applied to develop ontologies in a goal-oriented approach. Results of the use of GO-FOR to build an ontology used to integrate patient examination data are also shown in this paper. (shrink)

IntroductionRegular exercise has long been shown to positively impact the immune system responsiveness and improve mental well-being. However, the putative links between biomarkers of mental health and immune efficiency in exercising subjects have been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a 14-week combined chair-based exercise program on salivary steroid hormones and anti-microbial proteins, functional fitness, and MWB indexes in pre-frail older women.MethodsThe participant women were randomly divided into the exercising group and the non-exercising (...) control group. The pre/post assessment included: salivary anti-microbial proteins lysozyme; and immunoglobulin-A ; salivary steroid hormones of testosterone and cortisol ; functional fitness ; MWB questionnaires.ResultsSignificant differences with large Cohen’s effect sizes were found on increased salivary TT after exercise intervention. The results revealed a decrease in IgA levels after CEP. The increase in subjective happiness levels and decrease of stress perception and depressive state were found after intervention in the CEP group. Robust statistical differences in gait speed and balance tests were also found in the CEP group. In control, COR increased moderately while no changes were found for the other indicators. Correlation analyses showed inter-dependence between pre–post variations of MWB, biochemical indexes, and fitness function.ConclusionThe CEP program was able to improve functional-fitness performance, decrease feelings of stress, and increase happiness. The CEP also induced clinically relevant hormonal and immune responses, which suggests that chair exercises that combine muscular strength, balance, and gait speed training are promising interventions to improve physical and mental health of older pre-frail adults. (shrink)

The main goals of this study were, to test the motivational determinants of athletes perceived effort in football considering the four-stage motivational sequence at the contextual level proposed by Hierarchical Model of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation: task-involving, basic psychological needs, self-determined motivation and perceived effort. The multi-group analysis across different age-groups (U15, U17, U19, U21 years) and mediation role of basic psychological needs and self-determined motivation on the task-involving climate and the perceived effort were also analysed. Two independent samples of (...) male football athletes (N= 403, N= 403), aged 13-20 were enrolled in this study. The results demonstrated that structural model provided a good fit to data for all samples under analysis, and was invariant across U17, U19, and U21. However, it was not invariant across U15 and U17, U19 and U21. Additionally, in the results from the mediation analysis, there were significant indirect effects in all samples, supporting theoretical by self-determination theory assumptions, reinforcing the importance of basic psychological needs satisfaction and behavioral regulation in the relation in analysis. The results allow concluding that when coaches promote a task-involving climate, the basic psychological needs satisfaction of athletes improves. This climate will facilitate the regulation of their behaviors towards more autonomous forms of motivation, with positive results in the perceived effort of the athletes. (shrink)

Nursing Sciences are at a moment of paradigmatic transition. The aim of this paper is to reflect on the new epistemological paradigms of nursing science from a critical approach. In this paper, we identified and analysed some new research lines and trends which anticipate the reorganization of nursing sciences and the paradigms emerging from nursing care: biotechnology‐centred knowledge; the interface between nursing knowledge and new information technologies; body care centred knowledge; the human body as a cyborg body; and the rediscovery (...) of an aesthetic knowledge in nursing care. (shrink)

Niche construction theory highlights the active role of organisms in modifying their environment. A subset of these modifications is the developmental niche, which concerns ecological, epistemic, social and symbolic legacies inherited by organisms as resources that scaffold their developmental processes. Since in this theory development is a situated process that takes place in a culturally structured environment, we may reasonably ask if implicit cultural biases may, in some cases, be responsible for maladaptive developmental niches. In this paper we wish to (...) argue for an affirmative answer. In order to do so, we first propose to conceptualize implicit bias as embodied perceptual habits, and then proceed to show that these habits are at least partially responsible for maladaptive developmental niches of children with Down syndrome and autism. With this framework we thus hope to bring together two fields of research that haven’t been explicitly connected: implicit bias and niche construction theory. Linking these two theories may bring benefits both to implicit bias researchers, who can extend this concept to characterize other sets of processes as biased, as well as to niche construction theorists, who will have a useful theoretical tool to diagnose maladaptive features of niches brought about by sociocultural biases. (shrink)

Pensar nas cidades que construímos é constituir também a construção de um olhar para os corpos que ocupam esses espaços. Neste trabalho, buscamos mergulhar na experiência da sexualidade-em-situação de homens gays da cidade de Campos dos Goytacazes - RJ. A história da construção da cidade se entrelaça em memórias de opressão e violências que até hoje se perpetuam na situação dos corpos desses homens, que a partir de suas trajetórias e experiências, resgatam memórias das situações que viveram e ainda vivem (...) na cidade. Há, portanto, a urgência de um imperativo de mudança que vai acontecendo individualmente e coletivamente, indicando que as suas experiências reivindicam e extrapolam as estruturas que um dia impediram seus corpos de existirem. (shrink)

In the final pages of Chapter V of Afro-Brazilian Religions Roger Bastide sees, at a given moment in the socio-religious evolution of Brazil, a process of social disorganization which in its extent affects not only blacks but also poor white nationals and stranded immigrants.* As generator of a “ social marginalization,” this process could only be the passage through “a moment of transition” characterized by “the exaggerated speed of change in the country.” According to Bastide, an “organic period” follows: with (...) the “proletarization of the blacks, the assimilation of the immigrants, the general rise in the standard of living of the masses, other phenomena of cultural and social reintegration will appear.” On the religious level the “spiritism of umbanda“ is the expression of this new phase. (shrink)

In this article, I argue that Amy Allen’s approach of gender issues in The Politics of Our Selves is precarious and partial insofar as it is focused on an analysis of subjection aiming to explain “how subordinated individuals come to be psychically invested in and attached to their subornation” 2. Although this is an undeniable aspect of gender subordination, it does not tackle the complexity of its symbolic and material causes. My main thesis is that Allen does not offer the (...) best model for feminist Critical Theory in light of the complexities of capitalist societies, much less to the feminist struggles in the Global South, deeply marked by poverty, social inequality, racism and all sorts of violence against women. (shrink)

Critical thinking continues to be viewed as a prerequisite skill for lifelong learning. It is not surprising therefore, that academic programmes delineate CT as a goal and a learning outcome. However, there are concerns regarding the extent to which the aims and objectives of the programmes are aligned with pedagogies for CT. Both the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and the Lebanese Baccalaureate Programme clearly delineate CT as a goal and a learning outcome. The study examines the facilitation of teaching CT (...) in the IBDP and LBP. The study was conducted in two schools located in Lebanon; one teaching the IBDP and the other the LBP. Semi structured interviews, questionnaires, and class visits were used to collect data pertaining to the teaching of CT in the two programmes in grades 11 and 12. The study is pioneering in studying the contribution of both programmes to the teaching of CT in Lebanese schools. (shrink)

SummaryLiberalism as an identity and as a political ideology was non-existent in Portugal, as in most of the countries of Ibero-America, before the beginning of the nineteenth century. But the semantic development of the term ‘liberal’ in Portuguese underwent a clear and rapid mutation in the following decades. It became associated with specific meanings in relation to constitutional issues and civil law matters. While the former prevailed between 1820 and 1823, the latter were dominant in the writings of Mouzinho da (...) Silveira and his Civil War legislation of 1832 to 1834. (shrink)

Marcado desde sempre pela relação entre filosofia e literatura, o pensamento de Eduardo Lourenço (1923-2020) desenvolve-se ao longo de uma vasta produção intelectual – parte ainda inédita – correspondente a uma profunda, atenta e responsável atenção ao seu tempo. Este artigo parte dessa atenção, intentando demonstrar os contornos da sua originalidade, bem como mapear os traços principais do seu relevo filosófico-literário. Passando pelas noções de “heterodoxia”, de “ensaísmo” e de “temporalidade”, pretende-se acompanhar algumas vias percorridas pela obra do pensador, esclarecendo (...) o modo como se constroem a partir de um alargamento da ideia de razão alimentada pela multiplicidade dos desafios do tempo. (shrink)

In the fiercely competitive global business environment, the attainment of excellence is contingent upon the efficient management of human resources and their alignment with sustainable development goals. This study examines the interplay between labour practices, social sustainability and organizational performance, with a focus on the often-ignored perspectives of employees. Employees, often neglected as critical stakeholders, shape corporate values and strategy. The study uses a quantitative approach, having applied the partial least square method for the proposed research model. Questionnaire responses from (...) 574 Portuguese employees reveal that labour practices (employee development, employee participation and equal opportunity) positively influence perceived social sustainability. Perceived social sustainability positively influences perceived organizational performance. The examined labour practices only exhibit a positive influence on perceived organizational performance when perceived social sustainability acts as a mediator. Companies must place a high priority on the perceptions of their employees to achieve social sustainability. This involves incorporating inclusive, participative and proactive policies regarding human resources policies, thereby leveraging the mutual advantages derived from labour practices. This demonstrates the pivotal role of social sustainability in companies' decision-making processes, as it substantially contributes to enhancing organizational performance. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating social sustainability to maximize organizational performance, providing valuable insights for business leaders. The original model, social sustainability-driven organizational performance, which is based on employees' perceptions, identifies labour practices as antecedents of social sustainability, and the influence of social sustainability, both directly and as a mediator, on organizational performance, is presented. (shrink)

Russell's The Problems of Philosophy tries to establish a new theory of induction, at the same time that Hume is there accused of an irrational/ scepticism about induction". But a careful analysis of the theory of knowledge explicitly acknowledged by Hume reveals that, contrary to the standard interpretation in the XXth century, possibly influenced by Russell, Hume deals exclusively with causal inference (which he never classifies as "causal induction", although now we are entitled to do so), never with inductive inference (...) in general, mainly generalizations about sensible qualities of objects ( whether, e.g., "all crows are black" or not is not among Hume's concerns). Russell's theories are thus only false alternatives to Hume's, in (1912) or in his (1948). (shrink)

Al comienzo del De Visione Dei ,Nicolás de Cusa nos pone ante un icono del mirar divino y nos invita a una experiencia muy personal, a una acción inicialmente envuelta en la reflexión metafórica, la contemplación mística. Trabajando con la metáfora de la mirada, el Cusano nos sitúa ante la mirada del creador y la mirada de la creatura. En De Visione Dei, el mirar divino es creador y amante. El mirar de Dios ve, crea y ama. De esa manera, (...) el presente trabajo procurará reflejar la importancia del mirar, intentando trazar en el De Visione Dei una relación entre la unidad de la mirada del creador y la multiplicidad de la mirada de la creatura. (shrink)

O presente artigo é marcado pela preocupação em alargar o chamado cânone da filosofia ocidental, patrocinada pela tradição filosófica e sua narrativa triunfalista, levada a cabo pela história da filosofia de ontem e de hoje, com sua disposição de celebrar a Filosofia mainstream e as grandes mentes masculinas, como Kant e Descartes. Trata-se de alargar o cânone filosófico e de relançar o projeto das humanidades, em defesa de uma “história da filosofia aberta e feminista”, tendo ao centro Elisabeth da Bohemia, (...) Emilie du Châtelet, Madame de Scudéry e Madeleine de Sablé, além de Macaulay e Christine de Pizan. (shrink)

the objective of this paper is, on the one hand, to bring to light the Nietzschean characterization of the body, removing its “naturalness” and objectivity, launching it into the historical becoming of moral (evaluative) disputes, as well as deconstructing its individual unity by bringing the social webs that produce it from the organization of an original multiplicity that, however, continue to stalk the supposed unity consolidated in the “individual” are brought to the surface. Secondly, we would like to draw attention (...) to its political nature, in the sense that this process of organization or unification of that multiplicity does not occur spontaneously, but is governed by disputes, conflicts, impositions, resistance, negotiations, agreements, conspiracies - in short, all sorts of possible articulations that can both give the consistency of these organizations and can put them in checkmate, providing the logic for their future. (shrink)

The associationist interpretation of Hume's account of causal belief is criticized. The origin of this mistaken interpretation is explained. The difference between Hume's views in the Treatise of Human Nature and in An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding is examined.

Procuramos, neste artigo, apresentar a reflexão de Nicolau de Cusa sobre a Trindade, em dois dos seus textos: De coniecturis e De visione dei. Nesses dois livros, a Trindade recebe uma série de outras designações diferentes daquelas que aparecem nas citações bíblicas ou, como ele próprio afirma, diferentes das usadas pelos nossos doutores. Nesse sentido, objetivamos mostrar, também, que as expressões da Trindade podem ser lidas como expressões do amor no pensamento do filósofo alemão. We seek in this paper to (...) present the Nicholas of Cusa's reflexion on the Trinity in two of his works: De coniecturis and De visione dei. In these two books the Trinity receives several different designations from those which appear in biblical citations or, as he affirms, different designations from those used by our doctors. In this regard, our objective is to show also that the expressions of the Trinity can be read as the expressions of the Love in the thought of the German philosopher. (shrink)

Television, newspapers and magazines often discuss the presence in Japan of dekasseguis from Brazil. This migratory movement, which started in 1985, has started to show signs of decline. The recession in Japan has been accompanied by the laying off of around 20,000 Brazilian dekasseguis - employed in businesses in the industrial sector (cars, electronics and food production) - which explains the reduction in the number of candidates for departure.The emigrants have generally been drawn by attractive salaries, while always aware that (...) they were being offered work refused by the local population, considered kitsui (heavy), kitani (dirty) and kiken (dangerous). The hope of amassing sufficient savings in a few years to enjoy a better standard of living on their return to Brazil weighed significantly on their decision to leave. (shrink)

This paper investigates whether and to what extent Giorgio Agamben's political theory offers theoretical resources to reflect on the issue of the emancipation of women in contemporary capitalist democracies. My goal is to investigate whether the Estate of Exception theory helps us to think about gender subjugation, which causes the constraint of women's participation in public life, their economic marginalization and cultural domination. I intend to suggest that this theory is internally blocked to deal with the gender issue, which is (...) mainly due to its diagnosis of contemporary democracies based on an excessive focus on government machinery and dominant institutions and the related negligence of civil society, its specific demands, its struggles and effective achievements. I also intend to question if this diagnosis would suggest that women's achievements, since the end of the nineteenth century, are illusory or not significant. (shrink)

Este artigo pretende refletir a respeito do universalismo de Sueli Carneiro, que, na minha interpretação, se estabelece por oposição ao universalismo excludente e “substitucionalista” que encontramos em diversas filosofias ocidentais. Carneiro é universalista na medida em que almeja a efetivação da liberdade e da igualdade para todos e na medida em que se revela defensora inconteste dos direitos humanos. Mas há ainda outra dimensão do universalismo carneriano, desenvolvida em Dispositivo de racialidade: a construção do outro como não ser como fundamento (...) do ser, e que se baseia na distinção heidegeriana entre o ôntico e o ontológico para defender que a redução ao particular aprisiona o indivíduo, ao passo que “é a ideia de universalidade que emancipa o indivíduo e permite-lhe expressar a sua especificidade”. A tese segundo a qual o universal é emancipador é valiosa num momento, como o nosso, em que as teorias universalistas estão sob o escrutínio da crítica por diversos ângulos e perspectivas. Carneiro inverte o sentido da oposição entre o particular e o universal, comumente presente nas críticas anti-universalistas ao universalismo excludente, ao tornar excludente o particular e emancipador o universal. (shrink)

PRETENDE-SE, NESTE ARTIGO, MOSTRAR DE QUE MODO ARENDT, MANTENDO-SE FIEL À SUA POSIÇÃO ANTIMARXISTA E À CRÍTICA CONTUNDENTE DA DEMOCRACIA FORMAL, COMBINA ELEMENTOS LIBERAIS E DEMOCRÁTICOS PARA DEFENDER UM MODELO DE ESTADO CONSTITUCIONAL, ONDE OS DIREITOS INDIVIDUAIS SEJAM GARANTIDOS AO MESMO TEMPO EM QUE SEJAM MANTIDOS ESPAÇOS DE LIBERDADE QUE PERMITAM AOS CIDADÃOS TORNAREM-SE, DE ALGUM MODO, PARTICIPANTES DA GESTÃO GOVERNAMENTAL E DAS QUESTÕES PÚBLICAS EM GERAL. PARA TANTO, ME CONCENTRAREI, NÃO NOS TEXTOS EM QUE ARENDT SE VOLTA PARA O (...) TOTALITARISMO OU PARA A DITADURA, MAS NAQUELES EM QUE SE DEDICA A REFLETIR SOBRE OS MODOS DE GERAR E AMPLIAR ESPAÇOS DE LIBERDADE EM UM CONTEXTO POLÍTICO EM QUE AS CONDIÇÕES PARA TANTO ESTÃO, EM CERTA MEDIDA, JÁ ESTABELECIDAS, COMO É O CASO DA REPÚBLICA AMERICANA. (shrink)

The interlacements between McLuhan and Flusser present the city in its fluidity as a complex topology enabled by communicative structures. For the network city and the device city and their transformations the location of the being is insignificant. An updated reading of Flusser’s text Die Stadt als Wellental in der Bilderflut encourages us to take into account the vocation for connectivity of this new form of urbanity.

Este presente artigo tem por objetivo fazer considerações acerca da origem tardia do Corpus Hermeticum, assim como seu possível desenvolvimento, a partir do caldo multicultural e das similaridades religiosas entre as escolas filosóficas da Grécia clássica e helenística, em específico por influência direta de Pitágoras e de Platão, por meio de Plutarco, da escola eclética e de certa influência indireta das escolas do oriente, em específico a egípcia, na tentativa de revelar a possível, mas bem provável, origem posterior ao séc (...) I dos escritos conhecidos como Corpus Hermeticum. Essa conjunção de escolas de pensamento, podem ter tido o efeito em comum e uma possível responsabilidade de formarem, ou até mesmo de servirem como agente acelerador, do pensamento filosófico grego pré-socrático, que irá influir diretamente no pensamento clássico e helenístico. (shrink)

The incarnation of the Word marks the arrival of the fullness of times. The Holy Spirit hovers with Its shadow and power over the Virgin Mary and starts the time of realization, of the promised salvation, the Messiah's arrival. Mary is the figure of the people of Israel that waits the ultimate freedom, promised by God. In it, God mounts his tent among men and relates to the men, bringing him to a new life in the Holy Spirit.

A desigualdade da condição feminina tem como ponto central na análise de Hume a diferença nas atitudes da sociedade perante o dever de castidade. Esta é explicada – pela incerteza da paternidade e suas consequências -, mas nem por isso justificada. Hume aponta também outras desigualdades derivadas de privilégios masculinos injustificáveis. Como no caso das linhagem de nobreza e sobretudo no caso dos fenômenos de sujeição das mulheres pelos homens, que compara aos fenômenos históricos de opressão étnica.

Resumo: Este texto parte da letra A, da sua importância e da sua centralidade na Desconstrução de Derrida. Em função dessa letra iniciática, indício da “ironia muda” da différance como sincategorema do pensamento de Derrida, tentar-se-á acompanhar o modo como se apresenta à Filosofia Contemporânea como uma espécie de sismo, de abalo e de nova propulsão. Sismografias tenta então reconhecer, na postura e no desenvolvimento dessa letra “A”, a forma como o trabalho de Derrida abala pela base o território dos (...) conceitos, convocando a urgência e a responsabilidade da filosofia, da escrita e do pensamento. Nesse sentido, trata-se aqui de acompanhar as linhas de desenvolvimento de uma letra motriz, que pontuou, do início ao fim e em todas as direções, o pensamento de Derrida como idioma, como revolução filosófica, como sismografia.: This text departs from the letter A, in its importance and its centrality in Derrida’s deconstruction. From this initiatic letter, a sign of différance’s “mute irony” as a syncategorem of Derrida’s thought, we will try to follow the way in which it presents itself to Contemporary Philosophy as a kind of earthquake, a quake and a new propulsion. Seismographies tries therefore to recognise, in the posture and development of this letter “A”, the way in which Derrida’s work shakes up at its base the domain of concepts,, summoning up the urgency and responsibility of philosophy, of writing and of thought. In this sense it is intended to follow the lines of development of a leading letter, which marked, from beginning to end and in all directions, Derrida’s thought as an idiom, as a philosophical revolution, as a seismographie. (shrink)

Let the individuals of a population be divided into two groups with different personal habits. The core group is associated with health risk behaviors; the non-core group avoids unhealthy activities. Assume that the infected individuals of the core group can spread a contagious disease to the whole population. Also, assume that cure does not confer immunity. Here, an epidemiological model written as a set of ordinary differential equations is proposed to investigate the infection propagation in this population. In the model, (...) migrations between these two groups are allowed; however, the transitions from the non-core group into the core group prevail. These migrations can be either spontaneous or stimulated by social pressure. It is analytically shown that, in the scenario of spontaneous migration, the disease is either naturally eradicated or chronically persists at a constant level. In the scenario of stimulated migration, in addition to eradication and constant persistence, self-sustained oscillations in the number of sick individuals can also be found. These analytical results are illustrated by numerical simulations and discussed from a public health perspective. (shrink)

Resumo Neste artigo, pretendemos abordar o pensamento de duas mulheres por meio dos conceitos de aniquilamento, que encontramos em Le mirouer des simples ames de Marguerite Porete, e descriação que aparece em Pensateur et grace de Simone Weil. Também usaremos a obra de Weil La connaisance surnaturelle composta pelos Cahiers d’Amérique e Notes ècrites à Londres, onde ela faz referência ao livro de Marguerite Porete. Deste modo, apresentaremos, num primeiro momento, a mística de Marguerite Porete, focando no conceito de aniquilamento. (...) Depois, num segundo momento, mostraremos um pouco da mística de Simone Weil por meio do conceito de descriação. A partir deste segundo momento, já iremos traçando alguns paralelos para mostrar a semelhança entre a mística das duas pensadoras que se refletirá no terceiro momento deste artigo, onde apresentaremos Weil como leitura de Le mirouer des simples ames.In this article we intend to approach the thought of two French philosophers through two concepts: annihilation, found in the Le mirouer des simples ames of Marguerite Porete, and decreation, which appears in the Pensateur et grace of Simone Weil. We will also refer to Weil’s La connaisance surnaturelle, composed of the Cahiers d’Amérique and Notes ècrites à Londres, where she refers to Marguerite Porete’s book. First we present the mysticism of Marguerite Porete, focusing on the concept of annihilation. Next we discuss the mysticism of Simone Weil through the concept of decreation. We then draw some parallels to show the similarity between the mysticism of the two thinkers, and discuss Weil as a reader of Le mirouer des simples ames. (shrink)